![]() ![]() Other strategies with less robust clinical evidence include: encouraging a healthy balanced diet, rich in fish, during pregnancy continuing allergenic food intake during pregnancy and lactation vitamin D supplementation in pregnant women with asthma discouraging social indications for caesarean section delivery judicious use of antibiotics in early childhood daily emollient use from birth in high risk babies and avoiding cow’s milk formula use in the first week of life. This recommendation has been adopted globally and included in allergy prevention guidelines. These hypotheses have guided clinical studies that led to the formulation of intervention strategies during the proposed window of opportunity dubbed as the “first thousand days.” The most significant intervention is a paradigm shift from allergen avoidance to early introduction of allergenic foods, particularly egg and peanut, around 6 months of age for the prevention of food allergy. In this regard, various theories exploring the role of microbes (hygiene, old friends, microbiota, and biodiversity hypotheses), and the epithelial barrier (epithelial, dual allergen exposure and vitamin D hypotheses) have been proposed. The allergy epidemic has been attributed to environmental influences related to urbanization and the modern lifestyle.
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